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Designer Metasurfaces for Antireflective Applications Enabled by Advanced Nanoparticle Technology (Advanced Optical Materials 10/2022)
Nathan J. Ray, Jae-Hyuck Yoo, Hoang T. Nguyen, Eyal Feigenbaum
2270037 First Published: 18 May 2022
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In article number 2200151, Nathan J. Ray, Jae-Hyuck Yoo, Hoang T. Nguyen, and Eyal Feigenbaum demonstrate the ability to generate substrate-engraved metasurfaces that can be tailored within a broad design space to satisfy large-area antireflective (AR) applications for bandpass or broadband needs. This is done by dry etching through an advanced nanoparticle etching mask, permitting control over the area coverage of the sub-wavelength metasurface features, as well as the resultant feature lateral spacing, height, and shape. Using this approach, two metasurfaces were fabricated: 1) vertical sidewall nanofeature metasurface for AR applications at 351 nm, and 2) sloped sidewall metasurface designed for broadband ultra-low reflectance applications. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a broadband AR capable of this performance.

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Nonlinear Optical Imaging of In-Plane Anisotropy in Two-Dimensional SnS (Advanced Optical Materials 10/2022)
George Miltos Maragkakis, Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos, Leonidas Mouchliadis, Abdus Salam Sarkar, Andreas Lemonis, George Kioseoglou, Emmanuel Stratakis
2270038 First Published: 18 May 2022
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This cover illustration represents a laser field interacting with an ultrathin SnS crystal and the production of a second harmonic generation (SHG) field. Two representative polar diagrams of the polarization-resolved SHG intensity from different SnS crystals, and the fitting with the nonlinear optics model, are also shown, enabling the extraction of quantitative information on the in-plane anisotropy in SnS. For further details see article number 2102776 by Emmanuel Stratakis and co-workers.

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Tunable Plasmonic Random Laser Based on Emitters Coupled to Plasmonic Resonant Nanocavities of Silver Nanorod Arrays (Advanced Optical Materials 10/2022)
Junxi Zhang, Fei Wang, Sonia Ghafoor, Haoyu Wang, Wei Zhang, Kang Xie, Rui Cheng, Jian Yan, Lijie Niu, Pei Wang, Lin Zhang, Zhijia Hu
2270040 First Published: 18 May 2022
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A tunable plasmonic random laser based on emitters coupled to plasmonic resonant nanocavities is demonstrated by Junxi Zhang, Fei Wang, Zhijia Hu and co-workers (see article number 2200426). The random laser with a low threshold, excited over threshold in comparison with the wide and weak emission below threshold, results from plasmon resonance energy transfer, enhanced localized electric fields, and multiple light scattering from the disorder–order hybrid silver nanorod arrays. The lasing wavelength can be tuned by harmonic modes of the nanocavities.

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Masthead: (Advanced Optical Materials 10/2022)
2270039 First Published: 18 May 2022
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Light-Driven Actuation in Synthetic Polymers: A Review from Fundamental Concepts to Applications
Muhammad Rehan Asghar Bhatti, Arnaud Kernin, Muhammad Tausif, Han Zhang, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Emiliano Bilotti, Ton Peijs, Cees W. M. Bastiaansen
2102186 First Published: 27 March 2022
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Light being used as a stimulus to mechanically actuate synthetic polymers is an emerging area. These materials are best suited for photo-thermal actuation because of their high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and tailored mechanical properties. Building on the underpinning science of actuating mechanisms, the review covers a broad range of polymer materials from soft to ultra-stiff and their potential applications.

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Coupled Solid and Inverse Antenna Stacks Above Metal Ground as Metamaterial Perfect Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers with Extreme Subwavelength Thicknesses
Minji Kim, Kyungmin Jung, Youmee Choi, Seung Sang Hwang, Jerome K. Hyun
2101672 First Published: 26 March 2022
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A perfect microwave metamaterial absorber as thin as 1/1250 of the target wavelength is designed by coupling an array of patch antennas to an array of apertures to dramatically enhance the inductance, and by placing a reflector underneath to achieve zero reflection via wave interference. These results provide pathways for achieving unprecedentedly thin electromagnetic wave absorbers.

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Nanoscale Mapping and Defect-Assisted Manipulation of Surface Plasmon Resonances in 2D Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 In-Plane Heterostructures
Parivash Moradifar, Austin G. Nixon, Tiva Sharifi, Tim Brandt van Driel, Pulickel Ajayan, David J. Masiello, Nasim Alem
2101968 First Published: 24 March 2022
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This study highlights the electron-driven plasmonic resonances with varying spatial distribution and identifies the physical and chemical tuning pathways in a plasmonic Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 heterostructure. Defect−plasmon interactions are investigated for nanoscale intrinsic and thermally induced extrinsic polygonal defects. Signature of defect-induced red shift, broadening of various plasmon response, together with selective enhancement and significant variations in their intensity are detected.

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A Comprehensive Multipolar Theory for Periodic Metasurfaces
Aso Rahimzadegan, Theodosios D. Karamanos, Rasoul Alaee, Aristeidis G. Lamprianidis, Dominik Beutel, Robert W. Boyd, Carsten Rockstuhl
2102059 First Published: 18 March 2022
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Metasurfaces are the cornerstone for a future generation of flat optical devices in a wide range of applications. Herein, explicit expressions are provided for the optical response of a metasurface up to octupolar order in both spherical and Cartesian coordinates. Several examples demonstrate the proposed model's ability to explore the physics of metasurfaces and novel phenomena and to inspire new designs.

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Ligand-Free CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots in Silica-Aerogel Composites with Enhanced Stability for w-LED and Display by Substituting Pb2+ with Pr3+ or Gd3+ Ions
Chong Zhao, Yingkui Li, Wanggui Ye, Xiaofei Shen, Zicheng Wen, Xuanyi Yuan, Yongge Cao, Chaoyang Ma
2102200 First Published: 23 March 2022
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Mono- and mixed-halide CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I, Cl/Br, Br/I) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) grow in silica wet gel and are confined in nanopores of hydrophobic silica aerogel (SA) thereof. The PQDs @ SA composite powders show tunable emission spectra from purple to deep red. Luminescence stability of CsPbBr3 @ SA powders for resisting water moisture and UV illumination is enhanced by doping Pr3+ or Gd3+ ions.

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Nonlinear Light Amplification Governed by Structural Asymmetry
Shaoxin Shen, Renxian Gao, Guoya Sun, Zhilin Yang
2102215 First Published: 23 March 2022
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Maneuvering the structural asymmetry in 3D cap-shaped nanoparticles provides efficient ways to not only quantitatively alter microscopic effects of surface susceptibilities, but also facilitate the spectral matching and the spatially symmetrical transition of optical resonant modes in plasmon-enhanced nonlinear polarizations. Under this circumstance, retrieved second-harmonic generation emissions can be amplified by nearly two orders of magnitude and featured with well-defined radiation patterns.

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Tunable Thermofluorochromic Sensors Based on Conjugated Polymers
Christian Bellacanzone, Jaume Ramon Otaegui, Jordi Hernando, Daniel Ruiz-Molina, Claudio Roscini
2102423 First Published: 20 March 2022
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Polymer composite and cellulose papers with thermofluorochromic properties are obtained from easily prepared bulk and microstructured mixtures of phase-change material and conjugated polymers and oligomers, which offer broad and straightforward tunability of the fluorescence emission all over the visible spectral region.

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Donor Arylmethylation toward Horizontally Oriented TADF Emitters for Efficient Electroluminescence with 37% External Quantum Efficiency
Quanyou Feng, Yue Qian, Hongjian Wang, Wei Hou, Xinzhe Peng, Songlin Xie, Shasha Wang, Linghai Xie
2102441 First Published: 27 February 2022
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A strategy of donor arylmethylation for enhancing horizontal dipole orientation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters is presented. The resulting emitter achieves a higher horizontal dipole ratio of 81% and superior electroluminescence performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 37.0% and power efficiency of 124.5 lm W−1.

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In Situ Temperature Dependent Optical Characterization and Modeling of Dealloyed Thin-Film Nanoporous Gold Absorbers
Rajagopalan Ramesh, Stanislau Niauzorau, Venkata Krishnan Sampath, Liping Wang, Bruno P. Azeredo
2102479 First Published: 25 March 2022
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A novel fiber-optics based method of in situ monitoring the temperature-dependent optical specular reflectance of nanoporous gold thin films is presented. The measured hemispherical and specular reflectance are modeled with the Bruggeman effective medium theory and surface scattering coefficient. By empirically correlating surface roughness to ligament size and temperature, it becomes possible to accurately predict the relative specular reflectance in situ.

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Single Conjugated Polymer with Four Stepwise HOMO Levels for Effective Hole Injection Across Large Barrier 1.4 eV to Core–Shell Quantum Dot Layer for Electroluminescence in Inverted QLED
Shuo-En Wu, Sunil Sharma, Hsin-Lung Chen, Show-An Chen, Pavel V. Komarov, Viktor A. Ivanov, Alexei R. Khokhlov
2102508 First Published: 05 April 2022
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A graded-HOMO-level hole transport polymer with spiro-polyfluorene as main chain and the three hole-transport moieties TPA, Cz, and mCP as side chains is proposed for effective hole injection across the large barrier 1.4 eV into the green-emission core–shell quantum dot (QD) CdSe/ZnS layer in inverted QD light-emitting diode (i-QLED) giving low efficiency roll off and the best performance among the reported i-QLEDs with single hole-transport layer, ηmax 36.1 cd A−1 and Bmax 208 600 cd m−2.

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Boosting Self-Powered Ultraviolet Photoresponse of TiO2-Based Heterostructure by Flexo-Phototronic Effects
Mohit Kumar, Ji-Yong Park, Hyungtak Seo
2102532 First Published: 23 March 2022
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Photovoltaic and flexo-phototronic effects are integrated to enhance the self-power ultraviolet photoresponse with low intensity of the silver nanowires/TiO2 Schottky photodetector. The flexo-phototronic effects also decrease the rise/fall times from 300/1068 to 43/165 s, a 597% improvement. Furthermore, in self-biased circumstances, a remarkable responsivity of 124 mA W–1 and a high detectivity of 6.5 1011 Jones are observed.

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All-Optical Reconfiguration of Ultrafast Dichroism in Gold Metasurfaces
Andrea Schirato, Andrea Toma, Remo Proietti Zaccaria, Alessandro Alabastri, Giulio Cerullo, Giuseppe Della Valle, Margherita Maiuri
2102549 First Published: 23 March 2022
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A combination of semiclassical modeling and pump–probe spectroscopy is exploited to demonstrate the all-optical reconfiguration of the ultrafast nonlinear response in a plasmonic metasurface made of gold nanocrosses. It is shown that the pump polarization tuning can reshape the spatio-temporal distribution of the photoinduced hot carriers to modulate the sub-picosecond anisotropy up to a full sign reversal.

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Multifield Controlled Terahertz Modulator Based on Silicon-Vanadium Dioxide Hybrid Metasurface
Xilai Zhao, Jing Lou, Xing Xu, Ying Yu, Guangming Wang, Jiahua Qi, Lanxuan Zeng, Jing He, Jiangang Liang, Yindong Huang, Dongping Zhang, Chao Chang
2102589 First Published: 23 March 2022
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Herein an optically and thermally controlled THz modulator based on silicon and vanadium dioxide hybrid metasurface is proposed. The thermal phase transition of vanadium dioxide enables 97.2% modulation depth. With a pump fluence of 1600 µJ cm−2, photoexcitation of silicon enables 91.5% modulation depth and an ultrafast response within 2 ps to overcome the high pump thresholds of vanadium dioxide-based device.

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Coordination-Driven Terpyridine-Based Twisted Prisms with Tunable Emissions and Hierarchical Self-Assembly Properties
Yunting Zeng, Xin Jiang, Hao Yu, Yan Cao, Ziwei Lai, Junjuan Shi, Ming Wang
2102613 First Published: 26 March 2022
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Construction of 3D tunable-fluorescent supramolecular assemblies with 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (tpy) is still in its infancy. In this study, the tunable visible-light emission of terpyridine-based supramolecular prism can be achieved by exploiting hydrophobic properties, and helical nanofibers are formed by hierarchical self-assembly. This strategy offers an avenue for designing 3D tunable-fluorescent supramolecular assemblies.

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Tunable Photoelectric Properties of n-Type Semiconducting Polymer:Small Molecule Blends for Red Light Sensing Phototransistors
Chia-Chi Lin, Arulmozhi Velusamy, Shih-Huang Tung, Itaru Osaka, Ming-Chou Chen, Cheng-Liang Liu
2102650 First Published: 25 March 2022
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Photoelectric characteristics of n-type semiconducting N2200 polymer:TIIQ small molecule blend films are investigated for red light sensing phototransistors. The controlled compositions in the blend photoactive layer of phototransistors offer the photoresponsivity of 4065 A W–1, specific detectivity of 1.4 × 1013 Jones, and high mobility of 1.59 cm2 V–1 s–1.

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Electromagnetic Diffusion and Encryption Holography Integration Based on Reflection–Transmission Reconfigurable Digital Coding Metasurface
Liang Wei Wu, Qiang Xiao, Yue Gou, Rui Yuan Wu, Peng Xu, Ye Ming Qing, Zheng Xing Wang, Lei Bao, Hui Feng Ma, Tie Jun Cui
2102657 First Published: 24 March 2022
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A reflection–transmission (R-T) reconfigurable digital coding metasurface is proposed, which can be switched between reflection and transmission states with different functions. As a proof of concept, a metasurface with integrated functions of electromagnetic (EM) diffusion in reflection state and encryption holography in transmission state is designed and fabricated. The measured results agree very well with the theoretical prediction and numerical simulations.

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Plasmonic Nanocrystals with Complex Shapes for Photocatalysis and Growth: Contrasting Anisotropic Hot-Electron Generation with the Photothermal Effect
Artur Movsesyan, Eva Yazmin Santiago, Sven Burger, Miguel A. Correa-Duarte, Lucas V. Besteiro, Zhiming Wang, Alexander O. Govorov
2102663 First Published: 27 March 2022
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This paper studies the hot-electron and thermal processes which control the local surface photochemistry on a plasmonic nanocrystal. There is a striking difference between the local distributions of hot-carrier generation and phototemperature. It is demonstrated that the hot-carriers distribution in plasmonic nanocrystals is strongly position-dependent and anisotropic, whereas the phototemperature across the nanocrystal surface is nearly uniform.

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Cascade Resonance Energy Transfer for the Construction of Nanoparticles with Multicolor Long Afterglow in Aqueous Solutions for Information Encryption and Bioimaging
Luoqi Mo, Hao Liu, Zhiming Liu, Xiaokai Xu, Bingfu Lei, Jianle Zhuang, Yingliang Liu, Chaofan Hu
2102666 First Published: 20 March 2022
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In this study, four colors of long afterglow materials in aqueous solution are developed by cascading energy transfer between phosphorescent carbon dots and different fluorescent dyes. These multicolor long afterglows have adjustable wavelengths from 510 to 610 nm and the maximum Stokes shift of 255 nm, so they show great potential for anti-counterfeiting and high signal-to-noise ratio in vivo imaging.

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Resonant Control and Enhancement of Upconversion Luminescence of NaYF4:Yb,Er Nanoparticles on Metal Gratings
Wen Luo, Feng Xu, Aihua Li, Zhijun Sun
2102668 First Published: 24 March 2022
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Moderately high-Q plasmon resonance modes at emission wavelengths are used to resonantly control and enhance the upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles on metal gratings. The enhancement factors are comparable or even much larger than those for plasmon resonances at excitation wavelengths reported in literatures. The enhancement arises from mechanisms beyond the Purcell effect.

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Nonlinear Optical Imaging of In-Plane Anisotropy in Two-Dimensional SnS
George Miltos Maragkakis, Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos, Leonidas Mouchliadis, Abdus Salam Sarkar, Andreas Lemonis, George Kioseoglou, Emmanuel Stratakis
2102776 First Published: 07 April 2022
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Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation imaging in ultrathin orthorhombic 2D SnS is performed. By fitting the experimental data with a developed nonlinear optics model, the armchair/zigzag crystallographic directions are mapped with high resolution, and the relative strength of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor in different directions is calculated, offering quantitative information on the in-plane anisotropy in SnS.

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Zero-Dimensional Luminescent Metal Halide Hybrids Enabling Bulk Transparent Medium as Large-Area X-Ray Scintillators
Bohan Li, Yan Xu, Xinlei Zhang, Kai Han, Jiance Jin, Zhiguo Xia
2102793 First Published: 03 March 2022
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A simple melt-quenching method is proposed to obtain a high-efficiency luminescence metal halide transparent medium, for which the crystallization behavior of (ETP)2MnBr4 nanocrystals (ETP+ = ethyltriphenylphosphonium) hybridized with amorphous phase affords its high transparency. The outstanding scintillation performance of (ETP)2MnBr4-based wafer with large area and shape flexibility holds great promise for X-ray detection and imaging.

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Demonstration of Photoelectrochemical-Type Photodetectors Using Seawater as Electrolyte for Portable and Wireless Optical Communication
Yuanmin Luo, Danhao Wang, Yang Kang, Xin Liu, Shi Fang, Muhammad Hunain Memon, Huabin Yu, Haochen Zhang, Dongyang Luo, Xiyu Sun, Boon S. Ooi, Chen Gong, Zhengyuan Xu, Haiding Sun
2102839 First Published: 23 March 2022
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An optical communication system for wireless photocurrent signal transmission in seawater environment is reported, which is composed of a semiconductor AlGaN nanowire-based self-powered photoelectrochemical-type photodetector (PEC-PD) that is equipped with a portable electrochemical workstation. Such a PEC-PD device architecture possibly provides a new device architecture for next-generation wireless under-seawater communication systems.

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Centimeter-Scale Propagation of Optical Surface Waves at Visible Wavelengths
Babak Vosoughi Lahijani, Nicolas Descharmes, Raphael Barbey, Gael D. Osowiecki, Valentin J. Wittwer, Olga Razskazovskaya, Thomas Südmeyer, Hans Peter Herzig
2102854 First Published: 24 March 2022
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Centimeter-scale propagation of Bloch surface waves (BSWs) is experimentally demonstrated at visible wavelengths. Intrinsic and extrinsic loss mechanisms of BSWs are considered. 1D photonic crystal structures supporting surface states with minimum intrinsic losses are designed. The ion-beam sputtering technique is used to deposit high-quality thin-film multilayer structures to reduce extrinsic losses.

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Polarized Raman Scattering of In-Plane Anisotropic Phonon Modes in α‑MoO3
Youning Gong, Yanyu Zhao, Zhichao Zhou, Delong Li, Hu Mao, Qiaoliang Bao, Yupeng Zhang, Guo Ping Wang
2200038 First Published: 20 March 2022
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The physical origin of natural anisotropic phonon polaritons in α-MoO3 is attributed to its highly anisotropic optical phonon modes. In this work, the in situ angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy is systematically performed on α-MoO3 for investigating its anisotropic photo-phonon interactions. The results can help us to better understand the correlation between anisotropic phonon behaviors and optical anisotropy of α-MoO3.

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Observation of Vibrational Phosphorescence Peaks at Room Temperature and Their Impacts on Triplet–Triplet Annihilation
Xianfeng Qiao, Hui Liu, Shu Xiao, Peisen Yuan, Jingwen Yao, Yuwen Chen, Ping Lu, Dongge Ma
2200074 First Published: 24 March 2022
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Three vibrational emission peaks of the first excited triplet state T1 are identified in triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) molecules at room temperature. Compared with its high-energy counterpart, the low-energy vibrational T1 is more likely to localize and acts as an energy-loss state; thus, this state makes only slight contributions to the TTA-based upconversion process.

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Reprogrammable and Reconfigurable Photonic Molecular Logic Gates Based on Ln3+ Ions
Sofia Zanella, Miguel A. Hernández-Rodríguez, Lianshe Fu, Luís D. Carlos, Rute A. S. Ferreira, Carlos D. S. Brites
2200138 First Published: 20 March 2022
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Organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on di-ureasils doped with Ln3+ can perform molecular logic operations based on physical inputs. Under UV radiation, the reconfiguration of the system through simple logic operations is achieved. Exploiting the distinctive emission features of the Ln3+ and the organic–inorganic hybrid host, novel reprogrammable and reconfigurable photonic molecular logic gates are developed.

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Metal To Metal Charge Transfer Induced Efficient Yellow/Far-Red Luminescence in Na2Ca3(Nb, Ta)2O9:Bi3+ toward the Applications of White-LEDs and Plant Growth Light
Hongzhi Zhang, Jing Zhang, Yuchang Su, Xinmin Zhang
2200150 First Published: 25 March 2022
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The Na2Ca3(Nb, Ta)2O9:Bi3+ phosphor series possesses efficient and tunable yellow/far-red luminescence with intense ultraviolet absorption. The luminescence is assigned to the metal to metal charge transfer state rather than the 3P1–1S0 transition of Bi3+. The white-light-emitting diode device and plant growth light by using Na2Ca3(Nb, Ta)2O9:Bi3+ as the key components possess impressive electroluminescence properties.

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Designer Metasurfaces for Antireflective Applications Enabled by Advanced Nanoparticle Technology
Nathan J. Ray, Jae-Hyuck Yoo, Hoang T. Nguyen, Eyal Feigenbaum
2200151 First Published: 14 April 2022
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The generation of large-area substrate-engraved metasurfaces for bandpass or broadband antireflective (AR) applications, demonstrating an optically equivalent surface roughness standard deviation of 5 Å, is demonstrated. For a 351 nm design-point metasurface, the reflectance is measured to be 0.127%. For the broadband AR, the reflectance is measured to be <0.25% over 400–700 nm and <1% over 400–1100 nm.

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Tunable Plasmonic Random Laser Based on Emitters Coupled to Plasmonic Resonant Nanocavities of Silver Nanorod Arrays
Junxi Zhang, Fei Wang, Sonia Ghafoor, Haoyu Wang, Wei Zhang, Kang Xie, Rui Cheng, Jian Yan, Lijie Niu, Pei Wang, Lin Zhang, Zhijia Hu
2200426 First Published: 06 April 2022
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A tunable plasmonic random laser based on emitters coupled to plasmonic resonant nanocavities is demonstrated, the random laser with a low threshold is resulted from plasmonic resonance energy transfer, enhanced localized electric fields, and multiple scattering from disorder–order hybrid silver nanorod arrays. Lasing wavelength can be tuned in a wide range by different order harmonic modes of the nanocavities.

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